Traditional ecological knowledge

Traditional ecological knowledge represents a cumulative body of wisdom, practice, and belief developed by Indigenous peoples and local communities through generations of interaction with their environment. Unlike purely scientific approaches, it integrates cultural values, spirituality, and lived experience to guide sustainable land, water, and biodiversity management. Traditional ecological knowledge provides insights into species behavior, seasonal cycles, and ecosystem dynamics that are often overlooked in modern resource management. Its application can be seen in practices such as rotational farming, sustainable hunting, seed preservation, and fire management, which support ecological balance while sustaining livelihoods. Today, scientists and policymakers increasingly recognize the importance of incorporating traditional ecological knowledge into conservation and climate strategies, as it offers adaptive methods deeply attuned to local conditions. Beyond ecological benefits, it strengthens cultural identity, supports intergenerational learning, and ensures that communities remain active stewards of their environments. The integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern science creates pathways for holistic sustainability, where multiple knowledge systems work together to address pressing environmental challenges. This recognition highlights the value of respecting cultural heritage while embracing innovative partnerships to achieve resilience and ecological integrity on a global scale.