Air pollution

Air pollution is the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere that degrade air quality and pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. It is primarily caused by industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, agricultural practices, and the burning of fossil fuels. Major pollutants include particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O3). These pollutants can combine to form smog, acid rain, and contribute to the greenhouse effect, accelerating climate change.

The health impacts of air pollution are wide-ranging. Short-term exposure can lead to irritation of the eyes, throat, and lungs, while long-term exposure increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and even lung cancer. People living in urban areas or near industrial zones are particularly at risk. Beyond human health, air pollution affects ecosystems by damaging plants, contaminating soil and water sources, and contributing to the destruction of habitats. For example, acid rain, formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with moisture in the atmosphere, can weaken trees and harm aquatic life. Reducing air pollution requires collective action, including adopting cleaner energy sources, improving vehicle emissions standards, and promoting green technologies. Additionally, raising public awareness and encouraging individual actions, such as using public transport or reducing waste, can play a crucial role in combating air pollution and improving air quality.