Stormwater management

Stormwater management is the practice of controlling and utilizing rainwater runoff in ways that reduce flooding, protect water quality, and safeguard infrastructure. As cities expand with more paved surfaces, rainwater is less able to infiltrate into the soil, leading to rapid surface runoff that can overwhelm drainage systems. Effective strategies include building detention ponds, retention basins, infiltration trenches, and permeable pavements to capture and slowly release water. These systems help reduce peak flow during heavy rainfall events, lowering the risk of urban flooding and erosion. Additionally, stormwater can carry pollutants such as oil, heavy metals, and sediments, making its proper management essential for maintaining the health of rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

Modern approaches emphasize combining engineering solutions with natural processes to create sustainable outcomes. Green infrastructure such as bioswales, rain gardens, and constructed wetlands filters contaminants while providing aesthetic and ecological benefits. In many regions, stormwater is also harvested and reused for irrigation, reducing pressure on potable water supplies. Advanced monitoring and modeling technologies support the design of systems tailored to local conditions, climate variability, and land-use patterns. By integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations, stormwater management not only reduces disaster risks but also enhances urban resilience and sustainability. It plays a vital role in adapting to climate change while improving the quality of life in growing cities.