Title : Climate change and its impact on cultural heritage in Katsina State: Assessment of Conference of the Parties (COP) 28 and 29 policy responses
Abstract:
Climate change poses increasing threats to cultural heritage, particularly in vulnerable regions where environmental pressures interact with social and institutional challenges. This study assesses the vulnerabilities of cultural heritage to climate change in Katsina State, Nigeria, and examines how COP28 and COP29 climate-policy responses are being implemented at the local level. A qualitative research design was adopted, using purposive sampling to engage 50 stakeholders comprising heritage custodians, community elders, government officials, academics, NGO workers, and youth activists from rural and urban communities in Katsina State. Primary data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions, while relevant secondary literature was also reviewed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that rising temperatures, desertification, flooding, and other extreme weather events are contributing to the deterioration of tangible heritage, particularly mud-based structures such as the Gobarau Minaret, Katsina City Walls, and Durbi Takusheyi, while climate variability, migration, and changing environmental conditions are also disrupting festivals, rituals, oral traditions, and intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge. The study further finds limited awareness of COP28 and COP29 among community members and traditional custodians, with participants identifying a significant gap between international climate-policy discussions and local realities. Although local institutions and initiatives, including the Katsina Afforestation Project Unit and State Council on Climate Change, exist, cultural heritage remains insufficiently integrated into climate-policy implementation. The assessment of COP28 and COP29 indicates that their adaptation and resilience commitments provide opportunities for vulnerable communities but give limited direct attention to cultural heritage, although recognition of indigenous knowledge provides a potential entry point for locally grounded adaptation. The study concludes that stronger integration of cultural heritage into climate adaptation planning, improved institutional and financial support, greater community participation, and the incorporation of traditional knowledge are necessary to strengthen the resilience of Katsina State's cultural heritage to climate change.
Keywords: Climate change, cultural heritage, COP28, COP29, Katsina State, policy response.
