Title : Sustainable cities without sustainable citizens? - The behavioural blind spot in urban air pollution policies, an empirical study
Abstract:
Air pollution remains a critical global challenge, adversely affecting human health, economic productivity, and urban sustainability. Despite widespread technological and regulatory interventions, cities worldwide continue to exceed WHO guidelines for PM2.5 and PM10 levels. This study empirically investigates the role of citizen behaviour in mediating urban air quality outcomes, arguing that sustainable cities cannot be realized without sustainable citizens. Using an online structured questionnaire with n = 1,200 respondents across 12 major cities (Europe, Asia, North America, Africa), the study explores citizens’ awareness, risk perception, mobility choices, compliance with policies, and trust in institutions. Results indicate significant behavioural gaps influencing policy effectiveness. A behavioural governance framework is proposed to integrate citizens’ roles in air quality management. Findings contribute to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by providing actionable strategies for policymakers.
Keywords: urban air pollution, citizen behaviour, sustainable cities, behavioural governance, SDG 11, policy compliance
